Valerian is a tall flowering herb best known in herbal practice for its strongly scented root. It has long been used in tinctures, teas, and bedtime formulas intended to support relaxation. Native to Europe and Asia, it is now cultivated in temperate regions including parts of the United States.

Wild yam is a North American twining vine traditionally used in root-based herbal preparations. It has long been associated with digestive comfort and women’s wellness formulas in older American herbal practice. The plant is distinct from the edible yams commonly sold in grocery stores.

Yellow dock is a bitter-root herb traditionally used in digestive and spring herbal practice. Its wavy leaves and tall brown seed stalks make it easy to spot in fields and roadsides. The root is the main medicinal part, while the leaves have a more limited traditional food use.